Swedish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology publish reports on guidelines for current treatments.
Here are their guidelines for prevention of cervical cancer.
Nya riktlinjer för prevention av cervixcancer - in Swedish
Here is a translation of the summary - in English
Visar inlägg med etikett Pathology. Visa alla inlägg
Visar inlägg med etikett Pathology. Visa alla inlägg
tisdag 22 maj 2012
söndag 20 maj 2012
Thyreotoxicosis
The questions I put up on the blog are all taken from previous pre-clinical tests (preklin) given at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. This blog seems to have turned in to my study buddy at the moment.
Another practice exam question.
"Explain the etiology behind thyrotoxicosis. Describe the regulation of the thyroid hormones' synthesis and release. Explain why the heart speeds up in thyrotoxicosis. (6 points)"
Thyrotoxicosis can have different causes. Inflammation of the thyroid gland because of a virus or bacterial infection will give a rise in secretion of thyroid hormone, but it will not increase production. You can also get thyrotoxicosis by overdosing och thyroid medicine. Another case is auto-immune reaction as in Grave's disease. Here the body produces antibodies (TRAK i Swedish) against the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor. The antibodies will fasten on the receptor and stimulate it. That will give an increase in production and release of T3 and T4.
The release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland is stimulated by Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) that is secreted from the hypothalamus in response to stress, cold, excercise, adrenal activity.
The heart speeds up in response to an increased expression of beta-receptors on the heart muscle cells. T3 stimulates the recruitment of them to the cell membrane.
Another practice exam question.
"Explain the etiology behind thyrotoxicosis. Describe the regulation of the thyroid hormones' synthesis and release. Explain why the heart speeds up in thyrotoxicosis. (6 points)"
Thyrotoxicosis can have different causes. Inflammation of the thyroid gland because of a virus or bacterial infection will give a rise in secretion of thyroid hormone, but it will not increase production. You can also get thyrotoxicosis by overdosing och thyroid medicine. Another case is auto-immune reaction as in Grave's disease. Here the body produces antibodies (TRAK i Swedish) against the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor. The antibodies will fasten on the receptor and stimulate it. That will give an increase in production and release of T3 and T4.
The release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland is stimulated by Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) that is secreted from the hypothalamus in response to stress, cold, excercise, adrenal activity.
The heart speeds up in response to an increased expression of beta-receptors on the heart muscle cells. T3 stimulates the recruitment of them to the cell membrane.
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| Thyrotoxicosis |
fredag 18 maj 2012
Kidney Pathology
Clinical aspects of conditions that can affect the kidney.
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| Clinical Aspects of Kidney Disease |
Below you can see a chart over 8 different disease categories that can affect the kidney.
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| Diseases of the Kidney |
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